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Also, it includes the introduction of the n factor which determines the number of poles that required earthing assessments under substation fault. Furthermore, a simplified formula to compute the pole grid current under substation fault is included. Split factor determination with and without the mutual impedance of the line is also discussed. The pole EPR assessment under substation fault is assessed with and without mutual impedance consideration. This article discusses EPR based on substation fault. The earth potential rise (EPR) generated by a fault at the substation could result in an unsafe condition. Conductive structures such as steel or concrete poles are widely used in HV transmission mains. The position of these lines necessitates earthing design to ensure safety compliance of the system. New high-voltage (HV) substations are fed by transmission lines. The Magellan fault protection design is discussed, as well as the developmental and flight experiences and a summary of the lessons learned.įault Current Distribution and Pole Earth Potential Rise (EPR) Under Substation Fault This discussion is limited to fault protection, which is the autonomous capability to respond to a fault.
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Magellan met these requirements by building redundancy into all the major subsystem components and designing the onboard hardware and software with the capability to detect a fault, isolate it to a component, and issue commands to achieve a back-up configuration. The Magellan spacecraft had many such requirements imposed upon its design. Mission success is the prime motivator for building spacecraft with fault tolerant systems.
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Interplanetary and earth orbiting missions are now imposing unique fault tolerant requirements upon spacecraft design. Spacecraft fault tolerance: The Magellan experience